‘Federal Government Increasingly Dominates State...

A2 politics Jess Waldron ‘Federal government increasingly dominates state governments in the USA.’ Discuss The United States of America have a federal constitution, where the President of the United States, Congress, and the judiciary share powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. This is the stark opposite to the unitary system in the UK where sovereignty lies in parliament and some powers are given to local assemblies. There are many types of federalism; all have been a dominant influence in the American political system at some point due to the style of leadership brought in by each new presidential candidate. Throughout U.S. history, the division of power between the federal†¦show more content†¦Federalism is a dual (split in two) system of sovereignty, splitting power between a central government and various state governments. Both the federal and state governments can directly govern citizens through their own officials and laws. The resulting Constitution allowed powers for both federal and state governments. Each had some separate powers and some shared powers. A federalist called John Marshall, as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, made decisions favoring a strong federal government over state government power. In Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marshall used judicial review (where the Court is the government body to decide whether laws are constitutional), this was used in accordance with the principles and power established by the Constitution. By the late 1930s, the Great Depression resulted in a dramatic change. The idea of federalism and Marshalls earlier positions returned. In West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937) the Court extended federal power to regulate some economic activities within states. Under a broadened Commerce Clause interpretation, federal powers expanded at the expense of state powers and emphasis on the Tenth Amendment declined. The Court in NLRB v. United States (1936) reaffirmed the Wagner Act which brought labor relations under federal oversight. In addition, the Social Security Act creating a national retirement fund, passed in 1935.Show MoreRelatedAlevels Sociology3511 Words   |  15 PagesCHAPTER 1: 1. ‘Social order may be the product of consensus or coercion, depending on which sociological perspective is adopted.’ Explain and discuss. 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Project Management Services At A Number Of Clients

We provide project management services to a number of clients. We deliver value for money by providing the highest standards of project management, utilizing our experienced project managers to deliver projects to time, cost, quality and mentoring. Our client’s projects are diverse and our service covers strategic projects for large and small projects. KlemaPM has extensive experience of providing a total project management service for all types of projects in various sectors such as Banking, Automotive, Legal, Engineering, Construction, Non-Profits which includes Mortgage, Anti-Money Laundering, Business Intelligence, Business processes, eCommerce, Digital Payments, Mobile App Development, Computer Forensics eDiscovery, Data Centers - Infrastructure Development, Software Application Development and Enhancements. We pride ourselves on providing a tailored project management service that assists our clients in establishing their options, defining their project needs and managing project delivery as we become your trusted advisor. We provide competent project teams for projects of all sizes and complexities that range from the delivery of integrated multi-skilled teams to the appointment of single project managers. Our project teams plan and control every aspect of the project life-cycle from concept to the implementation and handover. Services include the definition, leadership, planning, stakeholder management, control and successful delivery of projects on your behalf.Show MoreRelatedPenn Foster Exam 05002300 Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesart director and an account executive, increasing client complaints about quality of work, productivity and demoralization of employees within that branch. II. Site visit to Roanoke branch was performed in order to investigate issues. A. 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Framework to establish the owner of the Ticekt at the first assignment needs to be agreed. 3. Develop Test cases for Ticket resolution (P1, P2 P3 etc.)with a QA report to GESO Design and implement Hunting numbers and E-mail DistributionRead MoreProject Management : A Collaborative Or Individual Entity Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Project Management A project is a collaborative or individual entity which is temporary and unique in nature. In a project mostly beginning and end is defined, it has a definite budget and time allocated for the completion. Project management is a method or activity which involves basically five stages which may differ in each management system but the fundamental is same for each. 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Market Segment Free Essays

What is the market segments targeted? Market segment targeted that the company create the different marketing campaign that will satisfy to the different customer’s need. Therefore, business should be flexible with their service or product for keeping changing their product to match with the customer’s need. So the market segmentation will be able to build the loyalty relationship that will motivate the customer to buy the product or service again. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Segment or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the video case, Marriott Corporation International offers the program called â€Å"Marriott First Choice†.This program will create the service program that match with different customer’s need with the best quality and value value. For example, the business traveler can choose to stay any hotels in Marriott brand . Moreover, the program provides the special offer to the business traveler to change and negotiate some hotel service to satisfy the customer. 2. What marketing research was used? Marketing research was studied to understand the customer’s need to create the best product or service.According to the video, the marketing research of Marriott will able to match with the Dow chemical’s need which are about focus group, quantitative survey, hotel spending analysis and hotel directory analysis. The marketing research customizes the service program of Marriott. This program can help the seller to find the right program or marketing campaign. This program satisfy the need of business traveler especially the specially service of Marriott to provide for Dow chemical’s employee which are evaluate the result of marketing research. . What product line development initiatives were launched? According to the video case, Marriott developed four-product line that was able to fit into the different business traveler’s need.â€Å"Marriott Quality Hotel† has launched the brand to target the business travelers who consider about the quality of service. The hotel will provide the high quality of service and use the new technology. â€Å"Courtyard† brand has launched to business travelers target who willing to pay moderate market price for their hotel or a price sensitive. Courtyard† product line will have business rooms that provide to the business people for business travelers. The facilities in the room will create the business environment. â€Å"Resident Inn† brand has launched to target the business travelers who really stay in the hotel for many nights.â€Å"Resident Inn† product line will offer many services to satisfy the customer. Finally, â€Å"Fairfield† brand has launched to target the business travelers who don’t really focus on the luxury brand or service but they are willing to stay in the clean hotel and convenience for them. Fairfield† product line also will provide the fast service to customer in the lower price. 4. What role did personal selling play in the go-to-market strategy? Personal selling is the important role in the go-to-market strategy because they promote the product or service. Personal selling also creates the long-term relationship between the buyer and seller. Moreover, the company also uses the personal selling to complete with the competitor as the competitive advantage. Moreover, the personal selling should understand the customer’s need and provide the good customer satisfaction. How to cite Market Segment, Papers

Gender and sexuality in popular music free essay sample

Without a doubt, popular music Is a primary, if not the primary, leisure resource in late modern society. Andy Bennett As Bennett (2001 ) implies, and as supported by the Kaiser Family Foundations study Generation mm, teenagers spend on average 2. 20 hours listening to music. Its importance lies not only in providing for a mass market but also its ability to reflect and express popular culture. The perpetuation of popular music to be able to serve as a timeline; the protest songs of the asss, the rock hits of the asss, the power ballads of the 1 cays, k-pop today. To only acknowledges the Issues of then, but also addresses, even if indirectly, the issues of todays society. This essay will attempt to explore the capital issue of gender and sexuality which encompass the notion of normality (what is assumed to be right and/or wrong) within popular music.This will be uncovered through gendered identities that will explain masculinity and femininity as enactments of transgression and identity and furthermore, the dominant Ideology of gender roles in romance which, using examples from modern day popular music, conveys the man as a pursuer of sex and woman as the pursued UT more interested in love and romance. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and sexuality in popular music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These factors are dependent upon genre and will therefore also be discussed.The purpose of genre, according to Waller, is to organism the reproduction of a particular ideology. Gender, as defined by Christenson and Peterson, is central to the ways in which popular music is used and tastes are organized. The Irony suggested here reinforces that the same way we assume a system or structure that organizes genres Into coherent music groups, so can popular music be an Instrument of organelles Individuals and groups as part of a larger but prejudiced society.Herein, looking at the writings of Waller (1 993), Christenson Peterson (1988), and Mass (20121 1 will show how popular music can be transgression not only through the gender dynamics found specifically within the heavy metal and hip-hop genres but also how these influences come to shape perceptions for the perpetuation of gender and sexuality in society. To examine the ways In which popular music Is used as a way of addressing these Issues, the concepts of gender and sexuality must first be distinctly defined. According to Kemp (2013) sexuality is what you biologically are; male or female according to what your entails looks like.Gender, on the other side is nothing to do with male or female counterparts but the way you are taught to act. Understanding this, I will be addressing gender in the form of gender identities and sexuality through what society assumes and sometimes accuses, of both male and female sexes In popular music. Walkers (1993) approach to popular music In Forging Masculinity; focuses on heavy metal as a discourse shaped by patriarchy. The TV show The A-Team is presented as an example of the Ideal world without women, which allows for an interpersonal dependency among the members of a hero team that serves as a aquiline performance.Heavy metal promoted traditional notions of male power and the subordination of women and homosexuals. This can be supported by fact that men have historically and traditionally dominated culture and have been privileged by it (2008). However, it must be noted that heavy metal has also had a significant effect on gay communities (Gay Metal Society) women and primarily androgynous individuals which illustrates that not only has popular music, via metal, become a site for the perpetuation of what was assumed to be morally right but has also created these gendered identities by which they have come to be known by.Annals explains that masculinity, like popular music, has the inability to be stable, consistent or natural which produces the need for its constant reconcilement. The development of heavy metal is, I believe, an extension of these re-enactments, that led to the broadening appeal of heavy metal starting in the asss which under the influence of a broadened audience led also to a slightly less masculine culture of contemporary heavy metal.Notwithstanding, the 20th century saw a shift towards a more ballad-based musical style otherwise known as soft rock which at the same time attracted a greater female metal audience (Harrison, 2008). Androgyny (showing characteristics of both sexes, in this case particularly men) has also, now been understood, in the case of bands such as Poison, to be an act of dealing with the anxieties of masculinity. This portrays an important message of masculinity affecting men as much as women as men become oppressed by the models to which they are expected to conform.Not being able to conform to these gender boundaries blur the identity of a person in which stereotyping comes into play. This also demonstrates an important message about how modern day society operates and the normalization f those who do not meet the requirements of normalcy as Waller reports, Gender constructions in heavy metal music are significant because not only do they reinforce patriarchal ideologies but more importantly because popular music may teach us more than any other cultural form about the conflicts and bids for legitimacy that comprise cultural activity (p. 1 11).Secondly, to demonstrate the dominant ideo logy of gender roles in romance, here is an example that was posted up as a blob on the Feminist website of a typical contemporary song Trading Places by hip-hop artist Usher whose message reinforces the submission of women in bed: Goon pay for dinner take me to see a movie And whisper in my ear I bet you really want do me Girl now take me home and get me up in Benz Pour me a shot and force me to the bed Chorus) Im always on top, tonight Im on the bottom Coo we trading places En I cant take no more, tell me you anti stopping Now put it on me till I say (Oho wee) And tell me to shut up before the neighbors hear me This is how it feels when you do it like me En are trading places. male has ultimate power or dominance within a setting. In Mass study of Music, Sender Sexuality (2012), he claims that boundaries between gender and sex, the instructed and the natural are controversial. He cites Factual from the late nineteenth century who argued that homosexuality, then, marked an ontological shift from sexual acts to sexual identities.This expresses a significant relationship between both gender and sexuality and can therefore begin to explain reasons behind why certain identities I. E. masculinity are associated with the male figure. Ere dominant ideology of gender roles as the male a pursuer of sex, particularly Nothing popular music also derives from the traditional notion of male power; aquiline sexuality, in which Mass describes as the intensity of fleeting emotional contacts which proposes alternatives to the world of Work and obligation. This conveys a message of duty for the male figure to not only accomplish his sexual desire but to, as mentioned earlier, accomplish gender in the re-enactment of male cultur e for the constant reconcilement of masculinity in popular culture, through popular music.

A combination of resources Essay Example

A combination of resources Essay Example A combination of resources Essay A combination of resources Essay Apart from legal political risks, Fly-Nice is also likely to face industry specific risks falling into four categories; hazard, financial, operational and strategic. 3 Many of these risks may be mitigated through creating a culture focused on the customer, developing a rigorous strategic planning process. Ways to solve the financial risks can be easy, mostly because of the third party involvements in this sector. The right design of financial transactions (for eg. Structured finance, insurance, debt/equity offerings) can be helpful in avoiding future problems. Operational risks can be lessened through organizational solutions, for example, process redesign, organization structural changes, seamless communication, contingency planning, performance measurement and resource allocation and pricing. A number of these challenges can be lessened in the first place through the selection of the business design itself. For example, Southwest Airlines is attractive to its customers because it is simple operationally and, therefore, cost effective. Other Southwest business design choices further lower risk exposure. For example, use of secondary airports insulates Southwest from direct competitive strain while improving turnaround speed. Low debt levels make the company less vulnerable to interest rate fluctuation. Also, along the dimensions of Porters Five Forces Theory, Fly-Nice would invariably meet the traditional challenges in entering a competitive market full of established players. Rivalry is also aggravated by the growth rates of the industry. While industry growth rates in European and North American countries are almost stagnant, there are emerging markets in Asia and South America where competition is intense. Also, airlines being a capital intensive industry, exit barriers are high resulting into excess capacity and consequently increased competitiveness. The power of buyers in a consumer oriented service industry is extraordinary. Customer expectations are high and if not satisfied results into loyalty switching. Innovation and customer satisfaction therefore is of utmost importance as products are almost non-differential making it easy for the customers to switch between competitors. In view of the risks involved, expansion of business is profitable only when the cost efficiency of operating the company is maintained. Maintaining and even improving cost efficiency requires an appropriate resource base and high cost management competency. Fly-Nice, in order to be consistently cost effective, must pay particular attention to the drivers of cost effectiveness or the cost drivers. Economies of scale: Since Fly-Nice is a service sector company, economies of scale are specially important in distribution and marketing. Also, use of the new Airbus with largest ever passenger carrying capacity will enable Fly-Nice to speed up turnaround rate. However, usage of a very high capacity aircraft also might push the company in the face of risks generating from empty seats. Supply costs: Expansion on a global level will require Fly-Nice to develop its supply chain network enormously. Purchase of aircrafts in bulk may be necessary, which may also give the company an option of negotiating for a bulk price. In-flight food and customer service equipments like pillows and crockery must be purchased in a way that retains the companys price advantage. Process design: Cost cutting in many cases comes through efficiency. Efficiency gains in production process can be gained through improvements in capacity-fill, labor productivity, yield from materials and working resources utilizations. In a service providing company like Fly-Nice, efficient management of capacity-fill is a key issue. So, marketing strategies like special offers, seasonal benefits and frequent flier programs and the possession of IT capability to optimize such efforts is a imperative. Experience: Although Fly-Nice is a successful domestic carrier, an international launching will invariable present it with a number of initial crises resulting from inexperience. Fly-Nices competitive advantage lies in its price competitiveness. To pursue its low price strategy, it must be ready to accept lower margins. Sustainable cost advantage can only be achieved through driving down cost throughout the value chain. Market segmentation and keeping the focus on the segment where price is valued over luxury is essential. Fly-Nice can also reduce their activity cost be outsourcing in areas where it is not very experienced. It must not fail to recognize the importance of consistently declining unit cost. In order to smoothen international entry and continual cost reduction, Fly-Nice may particularly consider strategic alliances with other international airlines. Alliances with either competitor airlines ( like using hub airports belonging to other airlines similar to Fly-Nice) or complementary service providers will lead to cost reduction and improved infrastructure. To enter global market, Fly-Nice will need local knowledge and expertise in order to satisfy the local customers. Alliances will assist the company in local marketing or distribution. Fly-Nice has an option of entering foreign markets by either joint ventures with other similar airlines or by direct foreign investment. Both options have their own advantage s and disadvantages. Joint ventures will allow Fly-Nice to lower their investment risk while increasing their know-how by a combination of resources. However choice of the right partners will prove to be of utmost importance should such strategy be followed. Joint ventures also often create problems in coordinating and integrating flight schedules across borders. On the other hand, if Fly-Nice decides to invest directly and create their own establishment overseas, it will incur enormous initial Investment cost. However full control of resources and capabilities will assist Fly-Nice in rapid market entry and in establishing their own brand image.

Product Evaluation Apple iPhone 3G

Product Evaluation Apple iPhone 3G Today, the smartphones produced by Apple Inc. are familiar to many persons. This market is competitive, and new versions of the products are presented almost every year when the production of the outdated models is regularly discontinued. The market is based on improvements and innovations in the sphere that is why the outdated models cannot compete during a long period of time. It is possible to discuss this idea using the example of the Apple iPhone 3G.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product Evaluation: Apple iPhone 3G specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, it is necessary to assess the qualities of the Apple iPhone 3G which was launched in 2008 as a revolutionary variant of the smartphones of the second generation with GPS and 3G possibilities, then it was proposed as the budget model, and later its production was ceased. The Apple iPhone 3G can be discussed as an outdated model of smartphones in relat ion to such criteria as the software used, hardware features, Internet connectivity, and additional specifications presented in this model as innovative. The software and hardware are the important characteristics of smartphones which influence the aspects of the device’s work. The Apple iPhone 3G used iPhone OS 2.0 as the software which can be discussed as improved for the period of 2008, but it is updated in comparison with the modern versions of the operating systems for the family of Apple iPhones. Furthermore, the main specifications of the smartphones’ hardware did not change much in comparison with the previous model’s characteristics. The designers did not reinvent the model, but added some new features to it (Mannion 32). The Apple iPhone 3G operated the support memory of Numonyx which was the Intel/STMicro spin-off, and it included 16 Mbytes of NOR flash and 8 Mbytes of pseudo-SRAM (Mannion 30-32). Moreover, the communication function was based on the Skywords SKY77340 824-to 915-MHz quad-band GSM/EDGE, and it is important to note that this component was also used in the original iPhone. The work of battery was based on the Linear Technology LTC4088-2. Such features as the absence of significant differences in the look in comparison with the original iPhone and the usage of the same 2-Mpixel camera can be discussed as negative characteristics of the model which were determined after the release of the Apple iPhone 3G (Mannion 30-32). Launching the product, the company declared the considerable improvements related to the Internet connectivity. Thus, the interactive experience of clients was based on ATT’s High-Speed Packet Access 3G network. In spite of the fact the manufactures paid attention to the clients’ Web browsing experience, the download speed was rather low in comparison with the expected speed of 700K to 1.7Mbps. It is also low in comparison with the contemporary standards which are approximately 4,290Kbp s.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, some innovations and improvements in the model were also presented. They are the built-in GPS, the exchange support based on Microsoft ActiveSync, the possibility to use Cisco’s IPSec VPN client, the orientation to Wi-Fi Protected Access 2, and the access to new developed App Store (Cox 14; Shaw 28). Although these improvements were current and necessary for 2008, today the Apple iPhones and the other smartphones have all these characteristics as basic ones. Basing on the examined criteria, it is possible to conclude that the Apple iPhone 3G as the representative of the second generation of smartphones was the improved model of the original iPhone, but the basic characteristics were almost unchanged. Thus, the features and specifications of the Apple iPhone 3G cannot be discussed as innovative in comparison with th e modern standards developed for the iPhones of the sixth generation. Cox, John. â€Å"IPhone 3G Has Corporate Feel†. Network World 16 Jun. 2008: 14. Print. Mannion, Patrick. â€Å"Apple iPhone 3G Exposed†. Electronic Engineering Times 10 Nov. 2008: 30-32. Print. Shaw, Keith. â€Å"Review: iPhone 3G Makes Great Greater†. Network World 21 Jul. 2008: 28. Print.

Influence of human surroundings on buildings Essay - 1

Influence of human surroundings on buildings - Essay Example Sometimes referred to as â€Å"architecture without architects,† it is also the most comprehensively used style of building used throughout the world today. It is building how we feel in relationship to what is around us on many levels (Arboleda 2006). Vernacular architecture is how we define ourselves according to the rest of the world, or maybe within just a regional area. Much that is considered vernacular is without specific design except for areas that are considered foundational to the piece and is required for strengthening the project we build. Over time, buildings such as these, when created through trial and error in first processes, become perfected and then reflect the style of the society or environment within which we reside. Rather than pursuing the aesthetic quality or some egotistical vision of a particular artist/architect, vernacular building is more about accomplishing the factors of function and ecological assimilation and also providing comfort of living at the same time. It is a stamp of our lives at any given moment (Ladd 2003). When building vernacular projects, local materials are used as well as local workers and this also provides for us a sense of the place having grown from the ‘roots’ of our local social environment and by our own hands. Vernacular building can also be representative of our local observances such as a favourite church and its flock of worshipers. It provides for us a continuing reminder of our religion through how it is built, according to our belief structure. Craftsmen in our past, who utilized functional skills in preparing materials and in the creation of infrastructure, provided foremost, a functional, well-built building, created to withstand much of nature’s harsh storms and other events that would hit our lands from time to time (Ladd 2003). In America, log cabins are considered to be the early American vernacular style, consistent with the early settlers who built their homes us ing the trees around them. Today’s pre-packaged version in whatever wood choice you want, represents that stereo-typed tradition of the early days without the hassle of having to cut down the trees yourself. While vernacular building was representative of times gone by, including historical references, today’s version is more about sustainability, technological advances in building processes, and referencing the social and natural environment around the location (Arboleda 2006). Our apartment buildings are a type of vernacular building in that they are built, not necessarily with a particular style, but to suit the basic needs of any of us renting an apartment there. The basics include a main room, bedroom(s), bathroom(s) and the kitchen. In some cases, specifically-intentioned dining rooms are also included in those costing a little more. (Ladd 2003). Indeed, a lesson can also be taken from the Inuit people who knew how to build homes wherever they landed for a while, using compacted snow to create igloos. While mainly for hunting

World economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World economy - Essay Example And then, it might prove effective for the organization to present varied types of inventive products as per the requirements of the customers thereby amplifying the brand image and productivity of the organization in the market among other rival players. Moreover, in order to enhance the level of reliability and loyalty of the customers over a brand, customer retention is also extremely essential. It might prove effective in enhancing the brand value of the organization thereby amplifying its level of competitiveness to a certain extent in the future age among other players. Globalization is described as the process to move towards a more integrated and inter-reliant economy. This is mainly due to certain key environmental factors such as competitiveness, market trends, technology, political and economic scenario. Competitiveness- it is denoted as another vital environmental driver that offered significant impacts over the profitability of the organizations operating in diverse segments. Therefore, in order to cope up with such challenges, maximum extent of the organizations decided to offer varied types of inventive products to retain its brand image and customer base for longer period of time. Economic downturn- it is also another factor that offered a negative impact over the functions and operations of the organizations. As a result, in order to survive, most of the organization implemented the strategy of presenting value-added products at lowest possible price. So that, it might be used by the individual of varying age groups, religions, living standards and life style. Only then, the level of turnover and profitability of the organization might get enhanced with a significant extent in the future era as well. Thus, from the above paragraph, it might be analyzed that globalization makes nation-states more inter-dependent over one –another, i.e. more integrated into a global economy (World Trade Organization, 2008). Technology- introduction of varied

The Curriculum and Instruction Case Analysis Assignment

The Curriculum and Instruction Case Analysis - Assignment Example The Principal is far more than the physical head of a school or a person with abundance of knowledge. He is also the role model and a great leader cum visionary, who propels his entire family of teachers and students towards success. In today's world of extreme competition and marketing strategies to attain that sharp edge over the others, Principals, as the head of the institution have a greater role to play. It includes living up to the expected standard of the school, while also catering to the current demands of the market; all this while obliging and adhering to the rules and guidelines prescribed by statutory bodies and boards of education in the area concerned. The case study on GATE is one such example of the number of responsibilities and decision-making abilities that must be realised by the Principal. Assuming that I am the Principal of Monet Middle School located at La Solana, I would deal with the problem, in a tactful and with a more open perspective and outlook. Since the issue deals not only with the educational point of view, but with a broader issue like heterogeneous ethnic backgrounds and the pressure to categorise students, it needs great amount of confidence and strength to chalk out a pathway to satisfy a large number of the people involved, take great care not to hurt the sentiments of the diverse population, and yet adhere to principles and codes of conduct. The case study says that the school has about 23% of the students attaining their education through the Voluntary Ethnic Enrolment Program (VEEP), about 53% of the students consisted of those qualifying for the Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) program and about 5% of the students have been recognised as those with special needs that requires them to attend the Special Education Program. With such diversified population, it is indeed an uphill task to bring and bind all of them together. The Tracking System that segregated the students was initially implemented in the school and then, it was done away with great difficulty but with immense conviction. It brought about great changes for the better and also raised the normal standard of education and results. Most importantly, it bridged the gap between students emerging from various backgrounds and with different levels of intellectual quotients. As the Principal, I am now faced with a challenge---the school board has passed an ordinance that calls for the implementation of the tracking syste

Comparing And Contrasting Writings Of Puritans And Deist Religion Essay

Comparing And Contrasting Writings Of Puritans And Deist Religion Essay The writings of Puritans like John Winthrop, Michael Wigglesworth, John Dane, and Mary Rowlandson can be easily compared to the autobiography of Deist Benjamin Franklin. The two religious views have obvious differences while still having some relating ideas. These similar ideas found in Benjamin Franklins autobiography could have come from his Puritan upbringing. He seems to take some key beliefs from the Puritan religion and develops them into more rational ideas he can believe in. Franklin looks to make his beliefs come from more tangible sources other than just faith. While Puritan and Deist beliefs on Gods characteristics and the afterlife have several distinct differences, they also contain some similar ideas concerning Gods existence and living with high moral standards. In his autobiography, Franklin doesnt mention any of his religious beliefs affecting his life until he comes across Deism. While the Puritan readings discuss Gods involvement in their lives frequently, Franklin does not. He is raised as a strict Calvinist until he was about fifteen and began doubting different books he read including the Bible (Franklin, 5). Instead of discussing God influencing his life, Franklin talks about his father in his autobiography. He describes all of his fathers good qualities in much detail. Franklins description of his father is an example of how he focuses on peoples character and morals instead of looking to God for guidance. He seems to admire his fathers traits and strives to have those same good qualities when he grows up. These conflicting views seem to exemplify the differences between Benjamin Franklins ideologies from the Puritans beliefs. While the Puritans values derive from complete faith of God, Franklin uses physical, real life examples like his father to build his foundation of faith. Another example of Purists and Deists conflicting views can be found looking at their beliefs on the afterlife. After reading excerpts of writings from these authors, it is interesting to see their differing views of the afterlife. While Franklin clearly states it is not necessary to worry about life after death, the Puritan readings all mention fearing God and their beliefs of salvation. As Franklin describes his ideas of pleasure and pain, he states that even if there is an afterlife, we wont remember our earthly existence so there is no importance of worrying about it (Franklin, 7). His ideas of life after death paint a very different picture than those of the Purist views. Michael Wigglesworths poem depicts what he believes will happen at the end of the world. In Wigglesworth poem, he describes what judgment day will look like and says No heart so bold, but now grows cold and almost dead with fear (Wigglesworth, 3). This description explains how all will fear God on judgment day no matter how brave they once were. Wigglesworth also goes on to explain how all people are predestined to be sent to Hell or given salvation. He mentions how easy it is to believe that you are among the saved when you really are not (Wigglesworth, 4). Both examples show very contrasting views of the afterlife between Puritan and Deist religions. With these differences, readers can also find similarities within the Purist and Deist writings. One corresponding idea both Ben Franklin and the Puritan authors have is that God exists. While the two religions only partially agree, they still both claim there is a God and they both look toward him for guidance. All four Puritan readings openly express God their all-knowing maker. They all try to lead lives following his moral laws. In Danes reading, he and his parents look to the Bible to help him decide whether or not he should move to New England. After the Bible encourages him, his family helps him be able to move to New England as fast as possible. John Dane and his parents believed that God would guide them to the right decision by looking in to the Bible for answers. Soon after, before her son leaves home, John Danes mother warns him Go where you will, God he will find you. (Dane, 2). This warning means to tell Dane that no matter where he is, God will still be able to find hi m and see what he is doing. Danes mother illustrates the Purists certainty in God existence and in his guidance. Ben Franklin, along with other Deists, also maintains that God exist; However, Franklin states that there is a god, just not a Christian God (Franklin, 6). He accepts that we were all created by one original maker. In his dissertation, Benjamin Franklin writes that there is said to be a First Mover, who is called GOD, Maker of the Universe (Franklin, 6). Franklin not only accepts there is a god, he also looks to him for guidance. During his journey in bettering himself, Franklin looks to God for guidance towards knowledge. He explains: Conceiving God to be the fountain of wisdom, I thought it right and necessary to solicit his assistance for obtaining it (Franklin, 14). He makes up a prayer that he says every day asking for wisdom from God. These examples show evidence of Benjamin Franklins Purist upbringing and the adaptations he made towards his Deist beliefs. While he agrees with Dane and other Puritans that God does exist, he modifies certain ideas to make them more concrete and suitable for his religious conviction. Another example of likeness between the Puritans and Deists views is their beliefs on how one should behave. In terms of human nature, both readings state that it is important to live with high moral standards. From a Deist perspective, Benjamin Franklin composes a list of thirteen virtues to help him live as morally perfect as possible. He talks about reaching moral perfection and states: I wishd to live without committing any fault at any time (Franklin, 12). As Franklin continues in his autobiography, his reasoning for living towards moral perfection seems to come from a personal goal instead of a religious goal. He argues that since he is aware of the difference between right and wrong, he sees no reason why he shouldnt try to always choose to do the right thing (Franklin, 12). Like Franklin, the Puritans also believe in living morally correct; however, unlike Franklin, their reasoning stems from their religion. John Winthrop, along with the other Puritan authors, also talks about living with high moral laws. Winthrop describes that the best liberty to live by is the civil liberty. This liberty is the only liberty which is good, just, and honest (Winthrop, 1). These proclamations appear to come from Winthrops beliefs that civil liberty is Gods moral laws. John Dane also touches on living morally correct. Dane speaks of how growing up with godly parents made his conscience able to identify evils that he should avoid (Dane, 1). His parents religious rules taught Dane how to live his life through Gods rules. While both the Deist and Purist authors have different reasons for living with high moral standards, they still both agree having high moral standards is important. When comparing the readings from Puritans like Winthrop, Wigglesworth, Dane, and Rowlandson to Franklins autobiography it is easy to see the many differences between Puritans and Deists ideology on God and human nature. Differentiations between these Puritan and Deist authors ideas like Gods characteristics and ideas on the afterlife are exemplified throughout the readings. With these differences, similarities on Purist and Deists beliefs of God and human nature can also be found. After looking at these discrepancies and resemblances, it is evident that Benjamin Franklin took his Puritan upbringing and molded those ideas into a more realistic and rational religion he could believe in.

Romeo And Juliet - The Role Of Love :: essays research papers

The modern literature community recognizes Shakespeare as one of the most brilliant minds in the history of dramatic theatre. His unmatched ability to represent human behavior and emotion makes the love in Romeo and Juliet the driving force behind the play's success. Shakespeare incorporated many different types of love in order to capture the hearts of the Elizabeth Era. Juliet's nurse shows amazing concern for the young girl's well being. She, in some ways, takes the place of her natural mother ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Lady Capulet treated Juliet as a naïve young girl with no knowledge and feelings of her own. Nurse recognized the maturity of Juliet and helped to make her truly content. During the entire traumatic experience of arranging a marriage between Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the nurse aided the two young lovers in their quest to be together. She acts as a messenger from Romeo, Juliet, and the friar ("Examples of Love in Romeo and Juliet"). Despite the nurse's efforts the plans go array because of the arranged marriage between Juliet and Paris. At this time, the nurse shows her love for Juliet once again. She goes to Juliet's defense and stands up to Lord Capulet by saying: "God in heaven bless her!/ You are to blame, my lord, to rate her so."(Act III, Scene 5, Line169-170). One is easily able to see the motherly care the nurse shows for Juliet in Romeo and Juliet. The counterpart to the love nurse displays for Juliet as a "mother" is the fatherly love the Friar gives to Romeo. The prince exiles Romeo because of his murder of Tybalt. This leaves the young man alone and scared of his future. The only person available to aid Romeo in his sufferings is the Friar. He tells the fugitive "Arise, one knocks/ Good Romeo, hide thyself" (Act III, Scene 3, Line 71). This shows that Friar puts himself at risk in order to make certain no harm comes to Romeo He provides insight to the situation at hand and helps Romeo to see the next course of action. Another example of fatherly love was shown through Lord Capulet to Juliet. He saw that his daughter was in great grief over the death of Tybalt and the exile of her love Romeo. He lovingly tries to ease her remorse by finding a husband for Juliet. He presents the arrangement in an attempt to lighten the spirits of his daughter: